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  • 所在位置:傳愛自考網 > 自考答案 > 2018年自考《英語翻譯》試題及答案

    2018年自考《英語翻譯》試題及答案

    2019-08-12 15:47:18   來源:其它    點擊:   
    自考在線學習 +問答
       

      I.Fill in the blanks in the following sentences:(20%)

      1/ “漢語具有意美、________、________三大優(yōu)點。”(魯迅《漢文學史綱要》第一篇《自文學至文章》,然而,英語與漢語相比,前者為拼音文字,而后者為表意文字。英語所具有的“音美”顯然有別于漢語。漢語一個字代表一個音節(jié),而漢語音節(jié)結構形式的一個突出的審美特征是雙聲疊韻。

      2/ “譯筆出原著頭地”,或曰青出于藍的現象除歸結為譯者“驅使本國文字”的“功夫”之外,另有一點似不可忽視,即漢語本身是“智慧的語言”、“________”(魯道夫·弗萊齊語)。漢語的種種________(諸如四字結構、意合parataxis能力、形式齊整、音律躍耳、辭格豐富、意境性強等等)如漫漫譯途上的一盞指路明燈,又如茫茫譯林中的奔泉與鳥鳴,令譯者走出“柳暗”,令譯者呈現“光明”。

      3/ 聯想(association)的理論與實踐同樣適用于英漢翻譯。放眼譯苑,不少譯者未動譯筆,已敗于“理解”門檻之外,其理解或捉襟見拙,或張冠李戴,或自相矛盾;另一些譯者雖理解無誤,卻譯筆呆滯枯暗,表達或________,或不問原文,或淡而無味,緣由之一恐怕蓋與“聯想”有涉。________,為有源頭活水來。我門把玩譯林佳句時,常發(fā)出這樣的慨嘆:文思如涌,聯想馳騁,方能譯筆有神。

      4/ 從語源(Etymology)觀察,英漢相距甚遠。雖然英漢同屬屈折變化(inflections) 較少的分析性語言(analytical language),也不屬綜合型語言(synthetic language),但是,英語與漢語畢竟各自隸屬不同語系,前者屬________(Indo-European language),后者屬漢藏語系(________)。

      5/ 詞典之類的參考書對譯者來說都________。只有________,包括最廣泛的語言–文化背景,才能說明含義。

      ----(英)喬治• 斯坦納

      6/ 此種觀點,甚至“殃及”譯界:科技翻譯講抽象思維,而文學翻譯才須講形象思維。實際情況則是:任何一類翻譯,都需要________。缺乏形象思維的翻譯,其譯文或舛誤疊現,或生硬呆板,或形容枯槁,或________。

      7/ 靈感思維并不縹緲,更不遙遠!君不見,那么令人失聲叫絕的譯文,就或明或暗地閃現靈感思維的光澤。譯者的靈感思維從天而降,他會走筆如神,左右逢源,心中蕩漾________;而誦讀這樣的譯文,則完全可能令讀者陶醉字里,________!潛心對原文和譯文作對照閱讀時,你會感受心靈的震撼,“嚯”地起身,大呼“天才譯文!”

      8/ 據筆者陋見,經受文化沖擊,首先指置身于異族文化或生活方式的人,其次,大概就數“________”了。因為,語言畢竟或多或少是一種社會和文化的載體。而翻譯則是一種典型的________。

      9/ 漢語自有漢語之美。漢語不注重對客觀現實作符合邏輯的形式的描摹,不執(zhí)著于形式結構的規(guī)范。漢語是一種時現“________”(femininity)的語言。漢語的魅力系于她的流散和疏放,系于她的________。

      10/ 從翻譯美學審視,“雅”,即“________”,即原文或譯文的________。

      II.Passage Translation:(30%)

      1/ The true artist lets himself go. He is natural. He swims easily in the stream of his own temperament. He listens to himself. He respects himself.

      He comes into the light of every-day like a great leviathan of the deep, breaking the smooth surface of accepted things, gay, serious, sportive. His appetite for life is enormous. He enters eagerly into the life of man, all men. He becomes all men in himself.

      2/ Also, there are many ways of opening doors. There is the cheery push of elbow with which the waiter shoves open the kitchen door when he bears in your tray of supper. There is the suspicious and tentative withdrawal of a door before the unhappy book agent or peddler. There is the genteel and carefully modulated recession with which footmen swing wide the oaken barriers of the great. There is the sympathetic and awful silence of the dentist’s maid who opens the door into the operating room and, without speaking, implies that the doctor is ready for you. There is the brisk cataclysmic opening of a door when the nurse comes in, very early in the morning — “It’s a boy!”

      III.Article Translation:(50%)

      1/ Over Time, People 'Catch Mood' of Friends, Lovers / By Dana Frisch

      2/ Six months later, the 38 couples that were still together repeated the experiment. The couples maintained distinct personalities, but they were more closely attuned emotionally than they had been at the start of the study, the researchers found.

      3/ Although couples' emotions converged over time, similar emotions might have drawn them together in the first place. Couples that stayed together during the study were more emotionally similar than couples that broke up, the researchers point out.

      4/ Anderson's team also found that the partner who had less power in the relationship did most of the changing in terms of emotions.

      5/ In other experiments, which involved college students who lived together in dormitories, the researchers found that roommates tended to have more similar emotional responses toward the end of the school year. The researchers gauged emotion by having students watch film clips that tend to elicit laughs or tears.

      6/ Roommates whose emotions converged the most during the school year tended to become closer friends than roommates whose emotions did not become as similar, according to the report.

      7/ The study also found that the roommate who had a lower social status in the dormitory tended to change more than popular roommates.

      8/ Anderson said these results show that "people's emotional responses to events are not completely fixed and rigid."

      9/ According to the Illinois researcher, emotional similarity could be helpful in assembling the most productive corporate team, and might be an important consideration when searching for love or friendships.

      1/ Type A People May Have Lower Quality of Life: Study / By Charnicia E. Huggins

      2/ He and Kashfian found that people who reported the highest levels of anger, cynicism, and hostility, in particular, in their response to the hypothetical scenarios also perceived their quality of life as much lower than their peers.

      3/ "In other words, the more hostility somebody indicated on the hostility questionnaires the lower their quality of life," Keith said.

      4/ The study participants' quality of life was rated according to their responses to a questionnaire that measured their self-reported satisfaction; competence and productivity; personal empowerment and independence; and social belonging and community integration.

      5/ Despite the findings, the researchers note that they did not prove that the individual's type A behavior was responsible for a reduction in quality of life. They did not study whether type A behavior results in a reduced quality of life or vice versa.

      6/ "It's also conceivable that something else makes people hostile and reduces their quality of life," Keith said.

      7/ Various researchers have suggested that type A behavior can be changed, Keith and Kashfian write in a statement, "and the possibility exists that such change might have implications for quality of life."

      8/ It may not be straightforward to change type A behavior, but it is "doable," Keith said. If the type A personality is thought of in terms of its behavioral characteristics rather than something internal, behavior modification and health management techniques can change that behavior in much the same way as a person changes their smoking behavior, the researcher explained.

      參考答案

      I.Fill in the blanks in the following sentences:(20%)

      音美 / 形美/ 世界上最成熟的語言 / 優(yōu)勢 / 詰屈聱牙 / 問渠哪得清如許 / 印歐語系 / Sino-Tibetan language / 沒有多大用處/ 上下文 / 形象思維 / 味同嚼蠟/ 無限快意 / 忘情行間 / 譯匠/ intercultural activity / 陰柔之美 / 暗示力和意境性 / 美 / 美學價值

      II.Passage Translation:(30%)

      1/ 真正的藝術家是狂放不羈的。他自由自在,悠然自得地在自己個性的川流中暢游。他傾自我,尊重自我。

      他以深海巨鯨的姿態(tài),浮現在日常生活的陽光下,打破人們習以為常的平靜生活的洋面,輕松愉快、嚴肅認真、嬉笑自若。他酷愛生活,擁抱生活。他渴望與各種人物同命運,共呼吸。他成了所有人的化身。

      2/ 同樣,開門方式也多種多樣??鞓返姆諉T會用肘部頂開廚房門,手里的托盤上正放著你的晚餐。疑神疑鬼,探頭探腦的書商和小販悻悻然地退出門去。后退的男仆走著優(yōu)雅的小碎步,為貴賓緩緩打開櫟木大門。充滿同情和一聲不響的牙醫(yī)助手打開通向手術室的門,無言地向你表示醫(yī)生正在等你。一大早,興奮的護士“嘩”地一下打開門,走進來說“生了個男孩!”

      III.Article Translation:(50%)

      1/ Over Time, People 'Catch Mood' of Friends, Lovers /隨著時間的過去,人們與友人、情侶情緒趨同

      2/ 半年之后,仍在一起的38對夫婦重復了實驗。研究人員發(fā)現,他們保持著鮮明的個性,但是,他們比在研究開始時在情緒協(xié)調方面變得更加緊密。

      3/ 盡管隨時間推移,夫婦情緒趨同,但是,首先是相似的情緒將他們撮合在一起。在研究過程中能守望一處的夫婦比各奔東西的夫婦在情感上更加相似。研究人員指出。

      4/ Anderson的研究小組還發(fā)現,在婚姻關系中力量較弱的伙伴在情緒方面產生的變化最大。

      5/ 在其他實驗,比如對共同生活在寢室里大學生的實驗中,研究人員發(fā)現,室友在一個學年快要結束時,會具有更多的情緒方面的反應。研究人員通過讓學生觀看那些引人發(fā)笑或是催人淚下的電影片段來做情緒的測定。

      6/ 根據此報告,在這一學年之中情緒趨同最多的室友,比起沒有情緒趨同的室友來,往往成為更加親近的朋友。

      7/ 研究還發(fā)現,在寢室中,社會地位較為低下的室友往往變得比那些廣受歡迎的室友更大。

      8/ Anderson說,這些結果顯示“人們對一些事件的情緒上的反應并非完全固定的,僵化的。”

      9/ 根據伊利諾斯州的研究,情緒類似能有助于組合最富生產力的集體團隊,也可能是尋求愛情和友情的一個重要的考慮因素。

      1/ Type A People May Have Lower Quality of Life: Study /研究發(fā)現:A型個性者的生活質量可能較低

      2/ 他和Kashfian發(fā)現,那些報告自己特別對那些假設情景的反應中具有最高程度的憤怒、譏嘲以及敵意,也察覺到自己的生活質量比他們的同類人要低得多。

      3/ “換言之,那些對測試敵意的問卷上的情景顯示出的敵意越多,那么,他們的生活質量也就越低。” Keith說。

      4/ 這項研究的參與者的生活質量的排定的根據是他們對問卷所作的反應。問卷測量了他們自報的滿意程度、能力、生產力、個人權力和獨立性、社會親密可靠的關系、以及與公眾的融合性。

      5/ 盡管有以上的發(fā)現,但是研究人員仍然指出,他們并沒有證明個人的A型行為對其生活質量的影響應該負責。他們沒有研究A型行為是否導致了生活質量的下降,或是相反。

      6/ “也可以想見,別的東西使人們產生敵意,并影響了他們的生活質量。” Keith說。

      7/ 不同的研究人員已經指出,A型行為可以改變。Keith和Kashfian在一篇陳述中寫道,“這樣的改變可能對生活質量存在影響的可能性是存在的。”

      8/ 要想改變A型的行為并非易事,但是,那又是“可做的”Keith說。假如A型個性被認為是行為的特征,而非心理的表現,那么,行為修正,健康管理技術就能夠改變那種行為,就像一個人能夠改變吸煙行為那樣。研究人員解釋道。

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